Herbert Alexander Simon
Herbert A.
Simon
Regresar a Personajes Fundamentales de la Informática Regresar a www.fgalindosoria.org Premio Nobel de Economía Simon was among
the founding fathers of several of today's important scientific domains,
including artificial intelligence, information processing, decision-making,
problem-solving,
attention economics, organization theory, complex
systems, and computer simulation of scientific discovery. He coined the terms bounded rationality and satisficing,
and was the first to analyze the architecture of complexity and to propose a preferential attachment mechanism to
explain power
law distributions. General Problem Solver (GPS) Solucionador
General de problemas GPS The Sciences of
the Artificial, Herbert A. Simon, , MIT Press, First Edition1969, Las ciencias de lo artificial; Herbert A. Simon, , Edit. A. T. E.; 1973 Herbert
A. Simon From
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Herbert
Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American political
scientist, economist, sociologist, and psychologist, and professor—most notably
at Carnegie
Mellon University—whose research ranged across the fields of cognitive
psychology, cognitive science,
computer science, public
administration, economics, management, philosophy
of science, sociology, and political
science. With almost a thousand very highly cited publications, he
is one of the most influential social scientists of the 20th century. Simon was among
the founding fathers of several of today's important scientific domains,
including artificial intelligence, information processing, decision-making,
problem-solving,
attention economics, organization theory, complex
systems, and computer simulation of scientific discovery. He coined the terms bounded rationality and satisficing,
and was the first to analyze the architecture of complexity and to propose a preferential attachment mechanism to
explain power
law distributions. He also
received many top-level honors later in life. These include: In 1959 he
became a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences [1];
in 1967 he was elected to the the National Academy of Sciences[2]; the ACM's Turing
Award for making "basic contributions to artificial intelligence,
the psychology of human cognition, and list processing" (1975); the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within
economic organizations" (1978); the National Medal of Science (1986); and
the APA's Award for Outstanding
Lifetime Contributions to Psychology (1993). …. Contributions
to artificial intelligence and psychology Simon was a
pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence, creating with Allen
Newell the Logic Theory Machine (1956) and the General Problem Solver (GPS) (1957)
programs. GPS was possibly the first method of separating problem solving
strategy from information about particular problems. …. In the early
1960s Simon wrote a paper responding to a claim by the psychologist Ulric
Neisser that machines might be able to
replicate 'cold cognition', e.g. processes like reasoning, planning,
perceiving, and deciding, but could not replicate 'hot
cognition', including desiring, feeling pain or pleasure, and having
emotions. Simon's paper was eventually published in 1967. …. Simon also
collaborated with James G. March on several works in organization theory. With Allen
Newell, Simon developed a theory for the simulation
of human problem solving behavior using production rules.[23] The study of
human problem solving required new kinds of human
measurements and, with Anders Ericsson, Simon developed the experimental
technique of verbal protocol analysis.[24] Simon was
interested in the role of knowledge in expertise. He said that to become an
expert required about 10 years of experience and he and colleagues estimated
that expertise was the result of learning roughly 50,000 chunks of information. A chess expert was said
to have learned about 50,000 chunks or chess position patterns.[25] Simon was also
interested in how humans learn and, with Edward Feigenbaum, he
developed the EPAM (Elementary Perceiver and Memorizer) theory, one
of the first theories of learning to be implemented as a computer program. EPAM was able to explain a large number of phenomena in
the field of verbal learning.[26] Later
versions of the model were applied to concept formation and the acquisition of expertise.
With Fernand Gobet, he has
expanded the EPAM theory into the CHREST
computational model.[27]
The theory explains how simple chunks of information form the building
blocks of schemata, which are more complex structures. CHREST
has been predominantly used to simulate aspects of chess expertise. He was awarded ACM's A.M.
Turing Award along with Allen
Newell in 1975. "In joint scientific efforts extending over twenty
years, initially in collaboration with J. C.
(Cliff) Shaw at the RAND
Corporation, and subsequentially with numerous
faculty and student colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University, they have
made basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology
of human cognition, and list processing." http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Alexander_Simon Herbert Alexander Simon De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Herbert Alexander Simon (15 de junio de 1916 – 9 de febrero de 2001), economista, politólogo y teórico de las ciencias sociales estadounidense. En 1978 le fue concedido el Premio Nobel de Economía por ser «uno de los investigadores más importantes en el terreno interdisciplinario» y «porque su trabajo ha contribuido a racionalizar el proceso de toma de decisiones». http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Alexander_Simon Logic Theorist From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Logic
Theorist is a computer
program written in 1955 and 1956 by Allen
Newell, Herbert Simon and J. C. Shaw.
It was the first program deliberately engineered to mimic the problem solving
skills of a human being and is called "the first artificial intelligence program."[a] It would
eventually prove 38 of the first 52 theorems in Whitehead and Russell's
Principia Mathematica, and find new and
more elegant proofs for some.[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_Theorist General Problem
Solver (GPS) General Problem
Solver From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia General
Problem Solver (GPS)
was a computer program created in 1959 by Herbert
Simon, J.C. Shaw, and Allen
Newell intended to work as a universal problem solver machine. Any
formalized symbolic problem can be solved, in principle, by GPS. For
instance: theorems
proof, geometric
problems and chess
playing. It was based on Simon and Newell's theoretical work on logic machines. GPS
was the first computer program which separated its knowledge of problems
(rules represented as input data) from its strategy of how to solve problems
(a generic solver engine).
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Problem_Solver The Sciences of
the Artificial, Herbert A. Simon, , MIT Press, First Edition1969, Las ciencias de lo artificial; Herbert A. Simon, , Edit. A. T. E.; 1973 |